Kenya has an estimated 1.6 million People Living with HIV (PLWH). The HIV epidemic is concentrated among key populations, including people who use and inject drugs (PWU/ID). There are an estimated 18,327 PWID in Kenya, with a HIV prevalence of 18 percent compared to 5.6 percent in the general population. In 2008, about 3.8 percent of all new adult infections were attributed to injecting drug use. With little access to health services and poor adherence to treatment, mortality among PWU/ID was high.   

In 2014, Kenya’s Ministry of Health, with Technical Assistance from UNODC and financial support from PEPFAR through USAID, initiated a four-year HIV Combination Prevention program with the overall goal of reducing HIV morbidity and mortality among PWU/ID in Kenya by enhancing access to comprehensive HIV prevention care and support.