USAID enhances regional economic connectivity among countries in Central Asia, including Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, while building linkages with the United States, Afghanistan, and beyond. USAID's efforts in Central Asia are focused in three main sectors which are foundational for regional economic growth: trade and enterprise development, energy, and environment, including transboundary water management.

At the center of USAID's work in the region is the C5+1 diplomatic platform that addresses issues of regional concern among the five Central Asian countries and the United States. Under C5+1, USAID supports four key initiatives:

1. Central Asia Business Competitiveness supports the region's horticulture sector, helping Central Asian firms to compete globally.
2. Transport Corridor Development seeks to improve the effectiveness of transport and logistics while reducing the time and cost of trading across borders.
3. Adaptation Planning supports countries with developing national and regional adaptation plans.
4. Power the Future seeks to scale up the use of renewable energy in Central Asia. USAID also leads the implementation of another key regional connectivity initiative, the Central Asia Regional Energy Market (CAREM), which seeks to increase energy sector cooperation throughout Central Asia.