The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) began supporting HIV/AIDS programs in Vietnam in the mid-1990s. In June 2004, HIV/AIDS funding to Vietnam was increased under the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Under PEPFAR, USAID works closely with other U.S. government agencies including Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, the U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Department of Defense. USAID works in collaboration with and through the Government of Vietnam at the national, provincial, and district levels in support of goals identified in the National HIV/AIDS Strategy. Together with civil society, faith-based, nongovernmental and mass organizations, such as the Women’s Union, USAID helps to deliver prevention, care and treatment services, and advocate for policies that will improve access to and the quality of HIV/AIDS services and strengthen the overall health system. Vietnam maintains a low prevalence of HIV in the adult population at around 0.45%. An estimated 255,000 people in Vietnam are infected with HIV, and more than half of those needing anti-retroviral treatment are currently receiving it. HIV prevalence among injecting drug users is just over 24% and, in some provinces, up to 60%, and continues to drive the spread of the virus to other populations.