Over the past five years, many African countries have reported substantial progress in reducing their burden of malaria. Mortality in children under five years of age has fallen dramatically across sub-Saharad Africa in association with a massive scale up of malaria control efforts with insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), improved diagnostic tests, and highly effective antimalarial drugs. Evidence is growing that the cumulative efforts and funding by the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI), national governments, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund), the World Bank, and many other donors are having an effect and that the risk of malaria is declining. In fact, according to the World Health Organization's (WHO's) 2011 World Malaria Report, the estimated number of global malaria deaths fell from about 985,000 in 2000 to about 655,000 in 2010, with most of this reduction occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. In spite of these remarkable achievements, progress is fragile, and malaria remains a public health problem. The goal over the next 5 to 10 years will be to sustain and build on these efforts in the face of such challenges as antimalarial drug resistance, insecticide resistance, and uncertainties around donor and national funding for malaria control.