Tuberculosis (TB) closely follows HIV and malaria as a major cause of illness and mortality in Tanzania, which is among the 30 highest-burden countries for TB and TB/HIV coinfection. USAID’s tuberculosis strategy in Tanzania supports the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program (NTLP) to address systemic and operational challenges to preventing, detecting, and treating the disease. This includes improving access to quality, patient-centered care for TB, TB/HIV, and multidrug-resistant TB; preventing transmission and disease progression; and strengthening Tanzania’s TB platforms to reduce reliance on external financial and technical support.