As the world again faces food price instability and uncertainty of supply, programming that targets agricultural productivity and market linkages is a United States priority. The current Title XII Report, which covers both FY 2009 and FY 2010, provides an excellent opportunity to revisit Title XII program definitions and concepts related to U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) projects and activities. A clear understanding of Title XII legislation can support USAID’s use of Title XII as a strategic instrument for agricultural development assistance.