Livestock production systems in the Lower Mekong Basin (LMB) range from traditional smallholder livestock-keeping systems to large highly productive commercial enterprises. Traditional systems are small-scale, low intensity, low-input, low-output systems, typically raising stock of local genetics and with limited market orientation. They contribute well over 90% of total numbers of producers in the LMB, and over 50% of total production. These systems dominate the higher elevation forested and more sloping ecozones and typically are associated with low-income, vulnerable households. Women, the elderly, and children are often responsible for household livestock, providing them with an important source of cash income and increased social standing.

The study applied the ICEM Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Methodology to key livestock systems identified in each of the hotspot provinces as described in the USAID Mekong ARCC Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study Main Report. The vulnerability assessment follows a recognized approach of assessing the exposure and sensitivities to climate change threats, and the likely impacts that may result.