Overview

The Afghan Civilian Assistance Program II (ACAP II) provides humanitarian assistance to innocent civilian casualties who have suffered losses resulting from operations between U.S. and coalition military forces and the Taliban or other insurgents.  Although the number of civilians killed or injured by U.S. and coalition forces has declined, the Taliban and other insurgents continue to use indiscriminate tactics, including improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and suicide attacks, to cause significant civilian casualties.

Over the past two decades, USAID has provided assistance that has helped the Russian people improve public health and combat infectious diseases, protect the environment, develop a stronger civil society, and modernize their economy. As Russia has grown into a middle income country, the nature of USAID’s work has evolved beyond primarily providing technical assistance with a large focus on collaboration.  By 2012, the majority of USAID’s engagement revolved around the promotion of an open and innovative society in Russia and a strengthened partnership between the U.S. and Russia.  The work led to many breakthroughs and transformations described below.

The first phase of the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) focused on reducing HIV mortality and morbidity as quickly as possible.While basic infrastructure for evaluation and monitoring of programs existed, the main priority of the emergency response was rapid scale-up of service delivery programs.To ensure long-standing, locally owned approaches to sustaining the monu­mental increases in the availability of HIV/AIDS services enabled by PEPFAR’s first phase, the second phase of PEPFAR focuses on increasing the sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and impact of HIV/ AIDS programs in those countries hardest hit by the epidemic.